Operating System notes

Introduction to Operating Systems and their history.
Memory management strategies, including virtual memory.
Processor management and scheduling techniques.
Device management for I/O operations.
File management systems and their organization.

1. Unit – I: Operating Systems Introduction

• - Definition and objectives of operating systems
• - Computer system architecture
• - OS structure and operations
• - Evolution of operating systems (Simple Batch, Multi-programmed, Time-shared, Parallel, Distributed, Real-time systems)
• - Operating system services

2. Unit – II: Process and CPU Scheduling

• - Process concepts (process state, control block, threads)
• - Process scheduling (scheduling queues, schedulers, context switches)
• - Preemptive scheduling, dispatcher, scheduling criteria, scheduling algorithms
• - Case studies: Linux, Windows
• -Process coordination (synchronization, critical section problem, semaphores, monitors)

3. Unit – III: Memory Management and Virtual Memory

• - Logical vs. physical address space
• -Swapping, contiguous allocation, paging
• - Segmentation, segmentation with paging
• - Virtual memory and demand paging
• - Page replacement algorithms

4. Unit – IV: File System Interface

• - Concepts of files and access methods
• - Directory structure and file system mounting
• - File sharing and protection
• - Structure of mass storage and disk scheduling

5. Unit – V: Deadlocks

• - System model and deadlock characterization
• - Methods for handling deadlocks (prevention, avoidance, detection, recovery)

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