Environmental Studies: Definition, multidisciplinary nature, scope, and importance.
Ecosystems: Definition, functions, ecological succession, and types.
Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Definition, values, threats, and conservation measures.
Environmental Pollution: Definition, types, and control measures for air pollution.
Social Issues and the Environment: Relationship between unsustainable development and the environment, urban energy-related problems and solutions, environmental ethics, and wasteland reclamation.
Human Population and the Environment: Relationship between population growth and the environment, family welfare programs, and the relationship between the environment and human health.
Natural Resources: Definition, types, problems associated with exploitation, and the role of individuals in conservation.
The multidisciplinary nature and goals of environmental studies.
Natural resources, including the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources and the problems associated with their exploitation.
Ecosystems and biodiversity, covering types, values, and threats.
Environmental pollution, detailing the causes, effects, and control measures for air, water, and soil pollution.
The role of individuals in pollution prevention and natural resource conservation.
The relationship between human population and the environment, including the consequences of population explosion.
Key aspects of population growth, such as family welfare programs, environment and human health, HIV/AIDS, and women and child welfare.
Promoting public awareness.
Principles of sustainable development and environmental ethics.
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